Indian National Congress

Tenure

Inside a coalition, credit and years are both split by seat share, so a small partner's per-year figure largely mirrors that of the governments it joined. Union governments only; state actions are not included. Figures are AI-assisted evidence points, not a verdict. How points are made.

Governments

Evidence points by category

Low data means fewer than 2 scored actions in that category.

Actions credited to this party

• ImplementedBJP1 May 2017Housing & Urban

  Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA)

  RERA requires registration of real estate projects with State regulators, sets promoter obligations and complaint timelines. Over 1.5 lakh projects were registered by September 2025; implementation varies by State.

  Evidence points +12.5 (range +12.0 to +13.0)

  Credited as originator of the idea (25%). Share to this party: +2.5 points.

• ImplementedBJP11 Mar 2016Technology & Digital

  Aadhaar Act, 2016 and the national Aadhaar identity programme

  A 12-digit biometric-linked identity number begun by the Planning Commission in 2009 and given statutory backing in 2016; the Supreme Court upheld the Act in 2018 while limiting mandatory linking.

  Evidence points +12.5 (range +12.0 to +13.0)

  Credited as originator of the idea (25%). Share to this party: +2.1 points.

• ImplementedINC16 Jan 2014Governance & Federalism

  Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013

  The Act created a Lokpal at the Centre and Lokayuktas in States to inquire into corruption allegations against public servants, including the Prime Minister with safeguards. The first Lokpal took office in 2019.

  Evidence points +1.5 (range +1.0 to +2.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +1.2 points.

• ImplementedINC1 Jan 2014Water & Land

  Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013

  Replaced the 1894 land acquisition law with consent, social impact assessment and rehabilitation requirements, in force from 1 January 2014; a 2014-15 attempt to amend it lapsed.

  Evidence points +5.5 (range +5.0 to +6.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +4.4 points.

• ImplementedINC5 Jul 2013Social Welfare & Inclusion

  National Food Security Act (2013)

  2013 law giving a legal entitlement to subsidised grain for up to 75% of rural and 50% of urban people (about 81 crore people on 2011 Census numbers), with 5 kg per person monthly and 35 kg for Antyodaya households.

  Evidence points +15.0 (range +13.0 to +17.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +12.0 points.

• ImplementedINC1 Apr 2010Education

  Right to Education Act (RTE), 2009

  Act giving children aged 6-14 a legal entitlement to free and compulsory elementary education, with a 25% entry-level quota for disadvantaged children in non-minority private unaided schools.

  Evidence points +12.5 (range +11.0 to +14.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +10.0 points.

• ImplementedINC11 Jan 2010Energy, Environment & Climate

  Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

  Mission launched 11 January 2010 under the National Action Plan on Climate Change to scale up grid solar power; the target rose to 100 GW, reached in January 2025, and capacity was about 171 GW in September 2026.

  Evidence points +13.5 (range +13.0 to +14.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +10.8 points.

• ImplementedINC31 Dec 2008Police & Internal Security

  National Investigation Agency (NIA) Act, 2008

  Act creating a national agency to investigate and prosecute scheduled terror and security offences, with Special Courts, enacted weeks after the November 2008 Mumbai attacks.

  Evidence points +7.0 (range +7.0 to +7.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +4.7 points.

• ImplementedINC30 Dec 2008Labour & Employment

  Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act, 2008

  The 2008 Act set up a National Social Security Board to recommend welfare schemes for unorganised workers. Enforcement and beneficiary tracking were limited; later registration relied on the e-Shram portal.

  Evidence points −1.5 (range −2.0 to −1.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: −1.0 points.

• ImplementedINC10 Oct 2008Foreign Policy

  India-US Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement

  The 123 Agreement and related waivers of 2008 allowed India civil nuclear trade despite being outside the NPT, in return for placing 14 reactors under IAEA safeguards. It was contested domestically.

  Evidence points +4.0 (range +3.0 to +5.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +2.7 points.

• ImplementedINC12 Oct 2005Governance & Federalism

  Right to Information Act, 2005

  Parliament created an enforceable right to request records held by public authorities, with Central and State Information Commissions as appellate bodies. Backlogs and a 2019 amendment are debated.

  Evidence points +15.0 (range +15.0 to +15.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +10.0 points.

• RepealedINC7 Sep 2005Agriculture & Rural

  Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (2005) and its replacement in 2026

  The 2005 Act gave rural households a legal right to at least 100 days of unskilled wage work a year. It was repealed from 1 July 2026 and replaced by the VB-G RAM G Act, which provides 125 days.

  Evidence points +13.0 (range +13.0 to +13.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +8.6 points.

• ImplementedINC12 Apr 2005Health

  National Rural Health Mission (2005)

  Launched in April 2005, the Mission funded rural health facilities and created the ASHA worker cadre and cash incentives for facility births; institutional deliveries were 39% in 2005-06 and 89% in 2019-21.

  Evidence points +10.5 (range +10.0 to +11.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +7.0 points.

• ImplementedINC24 Apr 1993Governance & Federalism

  73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments (panchayats and municipalities)

  The 1992 amendments gave constitutional status to panchayats and urban local bodies, with five-year terms, state election commissions, finance commissions and one-third reservation for women.

  Evidence points +13.5 (range +13.0 to +14.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +13.5 points.

• ImplementedINC4 Apr 1992Economy & Finance

  SEBI Act 1992 (statutory powers for the securities regulator)

  The SEBI Act, 1992 gave the Securities and Exchange Board of India, set up non-statutorily in 1988, statutory powers to regulate securities markets, replacing the Controller of Capital Issues.

  Evidence points +12.5 (range +12.0 to +13.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +12.5 points.

• ImplementedINC18 Sep 1991Religion, Culture & SocietyUnsettled

  Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991

  The Act freezes the religious character of places of worship as on 15 August 1947 and bars suits to change it, excepting Ayodhya. Its validity is before the Supreme Court, which paused new suits in December 2024.

  Evidence points +1.5 (range +1.0 to +2.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +1.5 points.

• ImplementedINC24 Jul 1991Economy & Finance

  1991 Statement on Industrial Policy and economic reforms

  In July 1991, during a balance-of-payments crisis, the government ended most industrial licensing, cut the public-sector reserved list and eased foreign investment rules, part of a wider reform package.

  Evidence points +15.5 (range +15.0 to +16.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +15.5 points.

• ImplementedINC19 May 1986Religion, Culture & Society

  Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986

  Enacted after the Shah Bano judgment, the Act set post-divorce maintenance for Muslim women under a separate statute; the Supreme Court upheld it in 2001 while reading in a wider duty.

  Evidence points −3.5 (range −6.0 to −1.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: −3.5 points.

• ImplementedINC7 May 1986Education

  National Policy on Education 1986

  The Rajiv Gandhi government's 1986 education policy emphasised equalising opportunity, launched Operation Blackboard and Navodaya Vidyalayas, and was modified in 1992 with a Programme of Action.

  Evidence points +6.0 (range +5.0 to +7.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +6.0 points.

• ImplementedINC1 Mar 1985Elections & Democracy

  Anti-Defection Law (52nd Amendment, Tenth Schedule), 1985

  Constitutional amendment adding the Tenth Schedule, which disqualifies legislators who voluntarily give up party membership or vote against party direction, with the presiding officer deciding.

  Evidence points +9.5 (range +7.0 to +12.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +9.5 points.

• ImplementedINC25 Aug 1984Technology & Digital

  Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) 1984

  The government set up C-DOT in August 1984 as an autonomous R&D centre with a 36-month, Rs 36 crore goal to develop digital switching systems, including rural exchanges, in India.

  Evidence points +11.5 (range +11.0 to +12.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +11.5 points.

• ImplementedINC19 Nov 1982Sports & Youth

  Hosting the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi

  India hosted the Ninth Asian Games in Delhi from 19 November to 4 December 1982, building venues and introducing colour television. A Supreme Court case examined labour conditions on the sites.

  Evidence points +5.0 (range +3.0 to +7.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +5.0 points.

• ImplementedINC25 Oct 1980Energy, Environment & Climate

  Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

  Requires prior central government approval before forest land is de-reserved or diverted to non-forest use; its scope was broadened by a 1996 Supreme Court ruling and amended in 2023.

  Evidence points +8.0 (range +7.0 to +9.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +8.0 points.

• RepealedINC17 Feb 1976Housing & Urban

  Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976

  The 1976 Act capped vacant urban land holdings and allowed State acquisition of the excess. Little of the estimated excess was taken into possession, and Parliament enacted a repeal framework in 1999.

  Evidence points −11.0 (range −11.0 to −11.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: −11.0 points.

• RepealedINC26 Jun 1975Media & Information

  Press censorship during the Emergency (1975-1977)

  After the June 1975 Emergency proclamation the government imposed pre-publication censorship on newspapers; the 1976 press law was repealed in April 1977. The Shah Commission later reported on its use.

  Evidence points −10.5 (range −12.0 to −9.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: −10.5 points.

• ImplementedINC1 May 1973Energy, Environment & Climate

  Nationalisation of coal mines (1971-1975)

  Coking coal mines were nationalised in 1972 and all remaining coal mines on 1 May 1973; Coal India Limited was formed in 1975. Private commercial coal mining was permitted again from 2018.

  Evidence points +9.0 (range +9.0 to +9.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +9.0 points.

• ImplementedINC15 Aug 1969Space, Science & Research

  Formation of ISRO and the Department of Space

  ISRO was formed in 1969 from the 1962 INCOSPAR committee, and a Space Commission and Department of Space were created in 1972, placing the space programme under dedicated government structures.

  Evidence points +13.0 (range +12.0 to +14.0)

  Credited as originator of the idea (25%). Share to this party: +16.3 points.

• ImplementedINC19 Jul 1969Economy & Finance

  Nationalisation of 14 major commercial banks (1969)

  In July 1969 the government took over 14 large private banks. Bank branches and rural deposits rose between 1969 and 1991; the Supreme Court first invalidated the Act on compensation grounds.

  Evidence points +9.0 (range +8.0 to +10.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +9.0 points.

• ImplementedINC1 Apr 1966Agriculture & Rural

  High-Yielding Varieties Programme (Green Revolution)

  Programme from 1966-67 distributing imported high-yielding wheat seed with fertiliser, irrigation and assured procurement; foodgrain output rose and net imports fell by the early 1970s, alongside other changes.

  Evidence points +14.0 (range +14.0 to +14.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +14.0 points.

• ImplementedINC14 Jan 1965Agriculture & Rural

  Food Corporation of India and Agricultural Prices Commission (MSP and procurement system)

  In January 1965 the Centre set up the Agricultural Prices Commission to recommend support prices and the Food Corporation of India to procure and distribute grain, the base of today's MSP and public-distribution system.

  Evidence points +9.5 (range +9.0 to +10.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +9.5 points.

• ImplementedINC19 Dec 1961Education

  Institutes of Technology Act 1961 and the IIT system

  Parliament declared the Indian Institutes of Technology institutions of national importance with degree-granting powers in 1961, building on IIT Kharagpur, founded in 1950-51.

  Evidence points +12.0 (range +11.0 to +13.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +12.0 points.

• ImplementedINC19 Sep 1960Foreign Policy

  Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan

  World Bank-brokered 1960 treaty dividing the Indus system between India (eastern rivers) and Pakistan (western rivers), with a dispute mechanism. India placed it in abeyance in April 2025.

  Evidence points +9.5 (range +8.0 to +11.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +9.5 points.

• ImplementedINC11 Sep 1958Police & Internal Security

  Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), 1958

  Act giving armed forces special powers, with legal protection, in areas notified as "disturbed"; first applied to the Naga Hills and later to other north-eastern areas. Reviewed by the 2005 Reddy Committee.

  Evidence points −0.5 (range −1.0 to 0.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: −0.5 points.

• ImplementedINC1 Nov 1956Governance & Federalism

  States Reorganisation Act 1956

  Parliament redrew India's state boundaries largely along linguistic lines in 1956, replacing the Part A to D classification with 14 states and 6 union territories.

  Evidence points +15.5 (range +15.0 to +16.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +15.5 points.

• ImplementedINC1 Apr 1956Economy & Finance

  Second Five Year Plan (public-sector heavy industry emphasis)

  The Second Plan (1956-61) put public-sector investment in capital goods and steel at the centre of planning, with a targeted 4.5% annual growth rate; the Plan reported about 4.3%.

  Evidence points +7.5 (range +7.0 to +8.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +7.5 points.

• ImplementedINC18 May 1955Law, Judiciary & Rights

  Hindu Marriage Act 1955 and Hindu Succession Act 1956

  Parliament codified Hindu marriage, divorce and inheritance law in 1955-56, replacing a draft code with separate Acts; daughters' coparcenary rights followed only in 2005.

  Evidence points +14.0 (range +13.0 to +15.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +14.0 points.

• ImplementedINC18 Jun 1951Agriculture & Rural

  First Amendment and zamindari abolition validation 1951

  The 1951 First Amendment inserted Articles 31A and 31B to protect zamindari abolition laws from court challenge, alongside changes to free speech and equality provisions.

  Evidence points +7.0 (range +7.0 to +7.0)

  Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +7.0 points.