NDA government
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| Party | Share | Years in power (weighted) | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| BJPLead party | 72% | 4.5 | Basis: 12th Lok Sabha (1998) NDA seats listed on Wikipedia; parties with <3 seats omitted, giving 252 (matches infobox). The 13th Lok Sabha (1999, NDA 299, BJP 182) continued the same government; shares not recomputed. AIADMK withdrew in April 1999 and the government lost a confidence vote; Vajpayee continued as caretaker until Oct 1999. |
| AIADMK | 7% | 0.4 | |
| SAP | 5% | 0.3 | |
| BJD | 4% | 0.2 | |
| SAD | 3% | 0.2 | |
| AITC | 3% | 0.2 | |
| SS | 2% | 0.1 | |
| PMK | 2% | 0.1 | |
| LS | 1% | 0.1 | |
| MDMK | 1% | 0.1 |
Outside support (not in government): TDP, Outside support in the 12th Lok Sabha (12 seats); joined NDA before the 1999 election
Replaced three earlier laws with one statute that delicensed thermal generation, required unbundling of state electricity boards, mandated regulatory commissions and introduced open access.
Evidence points +8.0 (range +7.0 to +9.0)
After the Supreme Court ordered candidate affidavits on cases, assets and education, an ordinance and Act narrowed disclosure to criminal cases; the Court struck down Section 33B in 2003.
Evidence points −3.0 (range −5.0 to −1.0)
The Centrally sponsored Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, begun around January 2001, aimed to bring all children aged 6 to 14 into elementary education by 2010 and later became the vehicle for the Right to Education Act.
Evidence points +12.5 (range +12.0 to +13.0)
The Centre's scheme launched on 25 December 2000 funds all-weather road connections to unconnected habitations; government figures put phase I at 99.7% of sanctioned habitations built by July 2025.
Evidence points +12.5 (range +12.0 to +13.0)
The IRDA Act, 1999 created a statutory insurance regulator in 2000 and allowed private and foreign-linked insurers, ending the public-sector monopoly in life and general insurance.
Evidence points +10.5 (range +10.0 to +11.0)
Programme to four-lane 5,846 km of national highway linking Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata, begun in 1999 and reported complete by the government in January 2012.
Evidence points +11.0 (range +11.0 to +11.0)
In May 1998 India conducted five underground nuclear tests, declared a voluntary test moratorium and a no-first-use posture, and faced international sanctions that were lifted by 2001.
Evidence points +6.0 (range +4.0 to +8.0)
The Finance (No. 2) Act, 2019 amended the 2002 money-laundering law; in July 2022 the Supreme Court upheld the Enforcement Directorate's arrest, attachment and bail provisions, and a review is pending.
Evidence points +2.0 (range +2.0 to +2.0)
GST replaced many central and state indirect taxes from 1 July 2017 under a Constitution amendment and a Centre-State GST Council. Collections and taxpayers grew; rate structure and compliance remain debated.
Evidence points +15.0 (range +14.0 to +16.0)
Act giving children aged 6-14 a legal entitlement to free and compulsory elementary education, with a 25% entry-level quota for disadvantaged children in non-minority private unaided schools.
Evidence points +12.5 (range +11.0 to +14.0)