INC government
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| Party | Share | Years in power (weighted) | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| INCLead party | 100% | 11.2 | Single-party government; share 1.0. Spans the 3rd, 4th (1967) and 5th (1971) Lok Sabha. The INC split in 1969 (INC(O) vs INC(R)); the government led by Indira Gandhi continued with the INC(R) group, which is treated here as the INC lineage (id inc). Between 1969 and 1971 it relied on outside support in the Lok Sabha (not itemised here). |
The 1976 Act capped vacant urban land holdings and allowed State acquisition of the excess. Little of the estimated excess was taken into possession, and Parliament enacted a repeal framework in 1999.
Evidence points −11.0 (range −11.0 to −11.0)
After the June 1975 Emergency proclamation the government imposed pre-publication censorship on newspapers; the 1976 press law was repealed in April 1977. The Shah Commission later reported on its use.
Evidence points −10.5 (range −12.0 to −9.0)
Coking coal mines were nationalised in 1972 and all remaining coal mines on 1 May 1973; Coal India Limited was formed in 1975. Private commercial coal mining was permitted again from 2018.
Evidence points +9.0 (range +9.0 to +9.0)
ISRO was formed in 1969 from the 1962 INCOSPAR committee, and a Space Commission and Department of Space were created in 1972, placing the space programme under dedicated government structures.
Evidence points +13.0 (range +12.0 to +14.0)
In July 1969 the government took over 14 large private banks. Bank branches and rural deposits rose between 1969 and 1991; the Supreme Court first invalidated the Act on compensation grounds.
Evidence points +9.0 (range +8.0 to +10.0)
Programme from 1966-67 distributing imported high-yielding wheat seed with fertiliser, irrigation and assured procurement; foodgrain output rose and net imports fell by the early 1970s, alongside other changes.
Evidence points +14.0 (range +14.0 to +14.0)