Party
Short tenure. This party has under 2 years in power at the Centre, so its points-per-year figure rests on a very small divisor and swings widely. Read the totals and the actions below instead.
Inside a coalition, credit and years are both split by seat share, so a small partner's per-year figure largely mirrors that of the governments it joined. Union governments only; state actions are not included. Figures are AI-assisted evidence points, not a verdict. How points are made.
Scroll sideways to see all years.
| Leader | Level | Government | Share | From | To | In office |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V. P. Singh | Union | National Front governmentLed by this party | 100% | 2 Dec 1989 | 10 Nov 1990 | 11 months |
| Mulayam Singh Yadav | Uttar Pradesh | JD governmentLed by this party | 100% | 5 Dec 1989 | 24 Jun 1991 | 1 y 7 m |
| Chimanbhai Patel | Gujarat | JD governmentLed by this party | 51% | 4 Mar 1990 | 25 Oct 1990 | 8 months |
| Chimanbhai Patel | Gujarat | JD governmentLed by this party | 100% | 25 Oct 1990 | 17 Feb 1994 | 3 y 4 m |
| H. D. Deve Gowda | Karnataka | JD governmentLed by this party | 100% | 11 Dec 1994 | 31 May 1996 | 1 y 6 m |
| J. H. Patel | Karnataka | JD governmentLed by this party | 100% | 31 May 1996 | 11 Oct 1999 | 3 y 4 m |
| H. D. Deve Gowda | Union | United Front governmentLed by this party | 35% | 1 Jun 1996 | 21 Apr 1997 | 11 months |
| I. K. Gujral | Union | United Front governmentLed by this party | 35% | 21 Apr 1997 | 19 Mar 1998 | 11 months |
| Category | Points per year | Total points | Range (total) | Actions scored |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elections & Democracy | −0.44 | −0.7 | −1.0 to −0.3 | 1 Low data |
| Foreign Policy | +1.33 | +2.1 | +1.0 to +3.1 | 3 |
| Economy & Finance | +0.44 | +0.7 | +0.7 to +0.7 | 1 Low data |
| Social Welfare & Inclusion | +9.53 | +14.9 | +12.3 to +17.4 | 2 |
| Infrastructure & Transport | +5.45 | +8.5 | +7.0 to +10.0 | 1 Low data |
| Technology & Digital | +3.33 | +5.2 | +4.8 to +5.5 | 1 Low data |
| Media & Information | +0.95 | +1.5 | +0.6 to +2.4 | 1 Low data |
Low data means fewer than 2 scored actions in that category.
The 1990 Prasar Bharati Act, brought into force on 15 September 1997, turned All India Radio and Doordarshan from government departments into a statutory corporation with Parliament-linked oversight.
Evidence points +2.5 (range +1.0 to +4.0)
Credited as originator of the idea (25%). Share to this party: +1.5 points.
From June 1997 subsidised grain in the public distribution system was targeted at poor (BPL) households with separate prices for others; a 2005 evaluation found about 58% of central-pool grain did not reach BPL families.
Evidence points +2.5 (range +1.0 to +4.0)
Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +0.9 points.
The February 1997 Budget cut the top personal income tax rate to 30% and the corporate rate to 35%, lowered peak customs duty, and launched a voluntary income disclosure scheme.
Evidence points +2.0 (range +2.0 to +2.0)
Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +0.7 points.
An independent regulator was set up from 20 February 1997 to take over telecom tariff regulation from the Central Government; a dispute tribunal (TDSAT) was split off from it in January 2000.
Evidence points +15.0 (range +14.0 to +16.0)
Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +5.2 points.
A 30-year treaty signed in December 1996 sharing Ganga water at Farakka in the January-May dry season, replacing earlier short-term arrangements. It is due for renewal in December 2026.
Evidence points +3.5 (range +2.0 to +5.0)
Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +1.2 points.
The United Front government introduced the first Constitution amendment bill to reserve one-third of Lok Sabha and Assembly seats for women in September 1996; it was referred to a joint committee and lapsed.
Evidence points −2.0 (range −3.0 to −1.0)
Credited as implementer. Share to this party: −0.7 points.
A set of five principles for ties with South Asian neighbours, including non-reciprocity towards smaller neighbours, set out by External Affairs Minister I. K. Gujral in September 1996.
Evidence points +1.5 (range +1.0 to +2.0)
Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +0.5 points.
In August 1996 India declined to support the CTBT text at the Conference on Disarmament, objecting to its entry-into-force clause and the absence of time-bound disarmament. It later conducted tests in 1998.
Evidence points +1.0 (range 0.0 to +2.0)
Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +0.3 points.
A 13 August 1990 office memorandum reserved 27% of central civil vacancies for Other Backward Classes. The Supreme Court upheld it in 1992 with a creamy-layer exclusion and a 50% overall limit.
Evidence points +14.0 (range +12.0 to +16.0)
Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +14.0 points.
A company jointly funded by the Centre and four states was incorporated in 1990 to build a roughly 740 km railway through Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka; full services began in January 1998.
Evidence points +8.5 (range +7.0 to +10.0)
Credited as implementer. Share to this party: +8.5 points.